At every official race meeting, a Turf Club–appointed medical doctor, who must be a registered medical doctor and have completed a Turf Club pretrauma course at least every 3 years, was required to be in attendance. Ethical approval was granted by the Dublin City University Research Ethics Committee. We examined the epidemiology of falls and injury in flat and jump horse-racing jockeys in Ireland over a 5-year period (2011–2015).
STARTERS ORDERS 6 INJURIES PROFESSIONAL
In this study, therefore, our aims were to provide an updated analysis of the fall and injury rates in professional flat and jump horse racing in Ireland using standardized data-collection and reporting procedures as directed in the European consensus and to detail the specific types and locations of injuries sustained from 2011 through 2015. 12 Furthermore, no detailed information, other than on soft tissue conditions, fractures, and concussions, exists for the specific types of injuries sustained in professional horse racing as outlined in the European consensus statement 12 on epidemiologic studies of injuries in the thoroughbred horse-racing industry.
There is a dearth of recent literature from Europe on fall and injury incidences and the types of injuries that occur in flat and jump racing, and a lack of standardized data collection and reporting is apparent in published studies. To determine whether such strategies have influenced the incidence of jockey falls and injuries in Ireland, an updated analysis was required. Such initiatives include raising the minimum competition weight standards, implementing a new concussion-assessment protocol, 11 increasing helmet safety standards, introducing a new individualized minimum-weight structure for apprentice jockeys, and implementing an evidence-based exercise and nutrition education program for apprentice jockeys to advise them on optimal preparation strategies for racing. In recent years, the Irish horse-racing regulatory body, the Turf Club, has implemented many targeted health and safety interventions in an attempt to improve health, well-being, and safety standards in professional horse racing. Soft tissue injuries have been reported to be the most common type of injury sustained during flat and jump racing however, fractures and concussions were also prevalent. In contrast, flat racing in these countries resulted in 2.7 to 4.4 falls per 1000 rides, with 40% to 59% of these falls resulting in injury. In the 3 countries, the fall incidence in jump racing was 51 to 85 falls per 1000 rides, with 17% to 20% of these falls resulting in injury. 4 The findings of this study 4 and other research 3, 9 revealed that jump racing had the greater rate of falls and injuries per ride, but flat racing had the highest rate of injury per fall.
2 – 6 Although recent analyses have addressed fall and injury incidence rates in horse racing in Australia, 7, 8 New Zealand, 9 and California, 10 the most recent analysis in Europe (ie, France, the United Kingdom, and Ireland) was conducted from 1999 through 2006. 2Ĭompeting in this professional sport is often considered high risk and dangerous, with a high incidence of falls and injuries reported. During a race, the jockey is perched approximately 3 m above the ground in a position of forward propulsion and executes dynamic movements requiring high levels of muscular strength, endurance, and balance in order to coordinate a partnership with the horse. In contrast, jump races in Ireland start from a tape barrier and involve a number of fences or hurdles over which the horse must jump, covering distances of 3.2 to 7.2 km. h −1) from a stall start and covers distances ranging from 1 to 4.4 km with no obstacles.
Flat racing is characterized by its high-speed nature (up to 70 km 1 Professional jockeys typically compete in either flat or jump (National Hunt) racing. Professional horse racing is a highly competitive and popular sport worldwide.
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